'BOTH ', 'EITHER' , 'NEITHER' - КАК ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ
В этом уроке мы рассмотрим три английских местоимения: ‘both’, ‘either’ и ‘neither’, и разберем, зачем их употреблять и какая между ними разница.
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1
'both', 'either' или 'neither?
Итак, давайте сделаем небольшой тест, чтобы проверить, знаете ли вы эти местоимения и можете ли вы их правильно употреблять.
У вас сейчас на экране предложение:
-I don’t like ________of these dresses ( Мне не нравится ни одно из этих платьев).
Какое из этих трех местоимений (‘both’, ‘either’ или ‘neither? нужно поставить в пропущенное место?
И правильный ответ будет- ‘either’.
-I don’t like either of these dresses.
И если вы не знаете, почему именно этот вариант ответа правильный, то давайте тогда подробно рассмотрим каждую из этих конструкций.
2
конструкция - 'BOTH'
Конструкция ‘both’ переводится как ‘оба’ / ‘обе’.
Например:
-Both boys (оба мальчика).
-Both girls (обе девочки).
-Susan has two sons. Both boys like to read (У Сьюзан двое сыновей. Оба мальчика любят читать).
Произноситься эта конструкция так. Последний звук является межзубным ‘с’ и произносится за счет легкого касания языком края верхних передних зубов. Звук в этом случае у вас получится слегка шепелявым.
Запомнили? Хорошо, идем дальше.
3
конструкция - 'either'
Конструкция ‘either’ переводится как ‘любой из двух’.
Например:
-Take a biscuit. You can have either (Возьми печенье. Ты можешь взять любую).
–Which candy would you like? Either is good. (Какую конфету ты хочешь? Любая хороша).
Сравните, конструкция ‘both’, которую мы только что рассмотрели означает ‘оба‘, ‘и тот и другой’, конструкция же ‘either’ имеет значение- ‘либо тот, либо другой’.
Произноситься эта конструкция так- сочетание “th” дает межзубный звук ‘з’. Чтобы правильно произнести этот звук, слегка коснетесь кончиком языка края верхних передник зубов.
Кстати, у слова ‘either’ есть два варианта произношения:
Сравните:
-‘either’ (айзе)– британский вариант.
-‘either’ (изе) -американский вариант.
4
конструкция -'neither'
Теперь, мы переходим к третьей конструкции- ‘neither’.
Конструкция ‘neither’ переводится как ‘ни один из двух вариантов’.
‘Neither’ используется в тех случаях, когда из двух предложенных вариантов нам не походит ни один, и переводится как ‘ни тот, ни другой’.
Например:
–Would you like some tea or coffee? Neither! (Ты хотел бы чай или кофе? Ни то, ни другое!)
-Which ice cream do you want? Chocolate or vanilla? Neither! I’d like a muffin (Какое мороженое ты хочешь? Шоколадное или ванильное?)Ни то, ни другое! Я хочу кекс!)
В этом слове опять есть межзубный звук ‘з’ и произносится это слово так- “найзе”.
У слова ‘neither’ тоже есть два варианта произношения:
Сравните:
-‘neither’ (найзе)– британский вариант.
-‘neither’ (низэ) -американский вариант.
Что ВАЖНО помнить!
Что вам еще нужно знать по поводу этих конструкций:
Во-первых, заметьте, что ‘both’ и ‘neither’ имеют прямо противоположное значение: ‘оба’ и ‘ни один’, а ‘either’ используется только, когда нам нужно сделать выбор в пользу одного или другого варианта.
Во-вторых, ‘both’ всегда используется с существительными во множественном числе:
-‘both books’ (обе книги)
В-третьих, ‘either’ и ‘neither’ употребляется только с существительными в единственном числе:
-‘either book’ (любая из (двух) книг)
-‘neither book’ (ни одна из (двух) книг).
В-четвертых, ‘neither’ не может употребляться в отрицательных предложениях. Ответ ‘I don’t want
neither‘- неправильный.Это потому что в английском предложении не может стоять сразу два отрицания, а в данном предложении у нас глагол в отрицательной форме и отрицательное местоимение ‘neither’.
Чтобы это исправить всегда употребляйте ‘neither’ только в утвердительных предложениях: ‘I want neither’.
